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nowadays central government is
directly responsible for the NHS
although it is administered by local health authorities
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about 83 per cent of the cost
of the health service is paid for by general
taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work
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there are charges for prescriptions and
dental care but many people, such as
children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment
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most people are registered
with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner)
who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community
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as the population of Britain gets older,
the hospital service now treats more patients than
ever before, although patients spend less time in hospital
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NHS hospitals - many of which
were built in the nineteenth century - provide
nearly half a million beds and have over 480,000 medical staff
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the NHS is the biggest employer
in Europe although Britain actually
spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours
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during the 1980s there was considerable
restructuring of the Health Service with
an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatisation of some services (for example, cleaning)
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in the 1990s a number of NHS
reforms were introduced by the Conservative and Labour governments including self-management of hospitals and
a 'market' for patients who were referred to hospitals for treatment
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hospitals and
GPs were given more
financial responsibility
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the political questions continue
about how the NHS should be run,
how much money should be provided to support it and where the money should come from
Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:
it is difficult to judge exactly how
healthy a nation is but there are various indicators
such as how long people live and whether there are still many common serious infectious diseases
Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:
in general, compared with fifty years ago,
the health of people in Britain has improved considerably,
partly as a result of better housing and education, and a higher standard of living
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however, not everybody enjoys a standard
of health consistent with living in one of
the world’s top industrial nations
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health and health care vary considerably
from area to area and middle-class people
tend to enjoy better health than working-class people
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unemployment, poverty,
poor housing and bad diet are still major
contributors to poor health
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on the one hand, as people live
in better conditions, eat better food and take
more exercise, health standards tend to rise and people live longer
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but there are other health problems such
as smoking-related diseases, alcoholism and drug abuse,
the spread of AIDS and the number of people who die from cancer
Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:
one worrying feature about health in Britain
is that more people die of heart disease and
strokes (40 per cent of men and 38 per cent of women) than of any other group of diseases
Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:
heart disease kills
about 30,000 men
under the age of 65 every year
Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:
rates in Britain are among
the highest in the world and
have increased over the last ten years
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most victims have
a history of high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure,
or smoking, and attempts have been made to improve the British diet and to persuade people to stop smoking
Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:
between 1972 and 1999
the percentage of male smokers fell from 52 to 28 per cent;
for women the figure fell from 42 to 26 per cent
Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:
efforts have been made to
improve co-ordination between government
departments to influence the nation’s diet and to advise on food production and consumption
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